ThinkRankPhysical Features of India
Overview
The chapter explains India’s six physiographic divisions and how each region shapes climate, resources, agriculture, and settlement. It builds a physical map of India in students’ minds.
Learning Objectives
- Identify the major physiographic divisions of India
- Explain the role of the Himalayas and Northern Plains
- Understand the resource significance of the Peninsular Plateau
Key Concepts
Himalayan Mountains
The Himalayas act as a climatic barrier, protect India from cold winds, and are the source of perennial rivers.
Himalayan Ranges and Passes
The Himadri, Himachal, and Shiwalik ranges differ in height and structure, and mountain passes connect India with neighboring regions.
Northern Plains
Formed by alluvial deposits from major rivers, these plains are fertile and densely populated, supporting intensive agriculture.
Central Highlands
The central highlands include plateaus like Malwa and Chota Nagpur, known for minerals and forest resources.
Peninsular Plateau
An old, stable landmass rich in minerals and metals; it supports mining, industries, and varied agriculture.
Indian Desert
The Thar Desert has low rainfall, sparse vegetation, and settlements adapted to arid conditions.
Coastal Plains and Islands
Coasts support trade, fisheries, and ports. Islands like Andaman-Nicobar and Lakshadweep have strategic and ecological value.
Key Terms
Examples
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Its fertile soil supports crops like wheat and rice, making it a high-density population zone.
Western Ghats
These mountains block monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall along the western coast.
Quick Check
- Why are the Northern Plains densely populated?
- How do the Himalayas influence climate?
- What makes the Peninsular Plateau important for industry?