ThinkRankDrainage
Overview
This chapter explains India’s river systems, drainage patterns, and the difference between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers. It also highlights the role of lakes and river basins.
Learning Objectives
- Differentiate Himalayan and Peninsular rivers
- Describe drainage patterns and basins
- Understand the role of lakes and deltas
Key Concepts
Himalayan Rivers
These rivers are perennial, fed by glaciers and rainfall, and form large basins with fertile plains.
River Basins and Watersheds
A river basin includes the area drained by a river and its tributaries, separated from other basins by watersheds.
Peninsular Rivers
These rivers are seasonal, depend on rainfall, and generally have smaller basins with rocky terrain.
Drainage as a Resource
Rivers provide water for irrigation, transport, and hydropower, making drainage a vital economic resource.
Drainage Patterns
Patterns like dendritic, trellis, and radial depend on geology and relief.
Human Impact on Rivers
Dams, pollution, and excessive extraction can change river flow and reduce water quality.
Delta and Estuary Formation
Deltas form where rivers deposit sediment at the sea, while estuaries form where tides prevent sediment accumulation.
Lakes and Wetlands
Lakes regulate climate, recharge groundwater, and support biodiversity.
Key Terms
Examples
Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin
A large basin with fertile soil supporting agriculture and dense settlement.
Narmada Estuary
The Narmada forms an estuary because it flows through a rift valley and has strong tidal influence.
Quick Check
- Why are Himalayan rivers perennial?
- What is the difference between a delta and an estuary?
- How do drainage patterns form?