ThinkRankCell: Structure and Functions
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells contain organised parts that perform specialised jobs, and plant and animal cells share features while also differing. Microscopes extend observation beyond unaided vision, but diagrams are models rather than exact photographs of every cell.
Learning Objectives
- •Explain cell organisation
- •Explain plant and animal cells
- •Explain structure supports function
Key Concepts
Cell organisation
Cells have a boundary, internal material, and genetic control; multicellular organisms organise cells into tissues and organs.
Plant and animal cells
Plant cells usually have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole in addition to structures shared with animal cells.
Structure supports function
The shape and internal structures of a cell help it perform tasks such as transport, photosynthesis, movement, or protection.
Terminology
Historical Insight
Onion peel
A thin onion peel can show a regular pattern of plant cells under a microscope after suitable preparation.
Specialised cells
Root hair cells, red blood cells, and nerve cells have forms related to absorption, transport, and communication.
Quick Check
Why is the cell called a basic unit of life?
Name two structures found in plant cells but not typical animal cells.
Why are microscope diagrams models?
How to use this lesson
Read the overview first, then explain the main idea in your own words before checking the key concepts. Use the quick-check questions without looking at the answer. For examination preparation, verify dates, definitions, and syllabus requirements against your official textbook and school or examination-board guidance.