ThinkRankSolar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
Overview
Earth's energy comes almost entirely from the sun. This chapter explains the mechanics of solar radiation (insolation), the Earth's global heat budget, and the factors that dictate temperature variations across the globe.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the factors affecting insolation intensity
- Analyze the Earth's long-term heat balance (Heat Budget)
- Identify the variables controlling global temperature distribution
- Describe the phenomenon of temperature inversion
Key Concepts
The Heat Budget
Earth maintains a constant average temperature by radiating back exactly as much energy as it absorbs from the sun.
Temperature Inversion
A condition where temperature increases with height, often occurring on clear winter nights, trapping pollutants near the surface.
Key Terms
AdvectionConductionIsothermAlbedoInsolation
Examples
Cloud Albedo
Clouds reflect a significant portion of incoming solar radiation, cooling the Earth's surface during the day.
Quick Check
- What is Albedo?
- Why does temperature decrease with altitude?