Soils

Overview

Soil is the foundation of agriculture. This chapter details the diverse soil types of India, their properties, geological origins, and the pressing need for soil conservation against erosion.

Learning Objectives

Classify Indian soils according to ICAR (Alluvial, Black, etc.)
Explain the formation and properties of Regur (Black) and Laterite soils
Identify regions with high soil salinity and degradation
Describe various soil conservation techniques used in India

Key Concepts

Alluvial Soil

Covering 40% of India, it is highly fertile and deposited by the major river systems of the north.

Laterite Soil

Formed in high rainfall/temperature areas due to intense leaching of nutrients, making it acidic and less fertile but good for cashews.

Key Terms

BhangarLeachingRegurSoil ErosionGully erosion

Examples

Black Soil (Regur)

Derived from basalt and excellent for cotton; known for its moisture-retention and self-ploughing capacity.

Quick Check

Which soil is best for cotton cultivation?
What is 'soil leaching'?