ThinkRankNatural Hazards and Disasters
Overview
India is prone to various natural hazards due to its geography. This chapter investigates the causes and mitigation strategies for Earthquakes, Floods, Droughts, and Cyclones.
Learning Objectives
- Map India's vulnerability to different natural hazards
- Explain the causes of and early warning systems for natural disasters
- Contrast different types of droughts (Meteorological vs Hydrological)
- Discuss the human impact and economic costs of disasters
Key Concepts
Earthquake Zones
India is divided into 4 seismic zones (II to V), with V (Himalayas/NE) being the most high-risk.
Flood Management
Combines structural measures (embankments/dams) with non-structural ones (zoning and early warning).
Key Terms
TsunamiCloudburstMitigationDisaster ManagementSeismic Zone
Examples
The Odisha Cyclone (1999)
A super cyclone that triggered massive storm surges, underlining the need for better coastal preparedness.
Quick Check
- How many seismic zones is India divided into?
- What is a 'Cloudburst'?