Geomorphic Processes

Overview

This chapter details the relentless internal and external forces that shape our landscape. It analyzes the scientific mechanics of weathering, erosion, and the formation of soil (pedogenesis).

Learning Objectives

Contrast Endogenic and Exogenic forces
Analyze the chemical and physical processes of weathering
Evaluate the factors driving mass movements and soil formation
Explain the concept of the 'Geomorphic Cycle'

Key Concepts

Weathering Processes

Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into fragments without changing composition, while chemical weathering involves reactions like hydrolysis and oxidation to alter minerals.

Soil Formation (Pedogenesis)

A slow, complex process involving climate, parent material, topography, and biological activity over thousands of years.

Key Terms

DenudationExfoliationHumusRegolithDiastrophism

Examples

Frost Wedging

Physical weathering where water freezes in rock cracks, expands, and eventually shatters the rock.

Quick Check

What are the two types of Endogenic forces?
Why is time a significant factor in soil formation?