ThinkRankWater Resources
Overview
The chapter examines water availability, multipurpose projects, and conservation methods. It highlights the social and ecological costs of large dams.
Learning Objectives
- Explain causes of water scarcity
- Describe benefits and costs of multipurpose projects
- Understand water conservation methods
Key Concepts
Water Scarcity
Scarcity results from overuse, pollution, uneven distribution, and rising demand.
Multipurpose Projects
Dams provide irrigation, power, and flood control but can displace people and damage ecosystems.
Rainwater Harvesting
Traditional systems like johads and tanks store rainwater for dry periods.
Watershed Management
Managing land and water together improves recharge and soil conservation.
Conflict and Cooperation
Inter-state disputes show the need for fair water-sharing agreements.
Water Pollution
Untreated sewage and industrial waste make rivers unsafe and reduce usable supply.
Groundwater Depletion
Excessive pumping for irrigation lowers water tables in many regions.
Key Terms
Examples
Narmada Bachao Andolan
A movement highlighting displacement and environmental concerns around dam building.
Johads in Rajasthan
Small earthen check dams that recharge groundwater.
Quick Check
- Why are dams controversial?
- What is rainwater harvesting?
- Name one local water conservation method.