ThinkRankResources and Development
Overview
This chapter defines resources, explains how they are classified, and highlights why planning and conservation are necessary. It also introduces major soil types in India and methods to prevent soil erosion.
Learning Objectives
- Classify resources by origin, ownership, and renewability
- Explain the need for resource planning
- Identify major soil types and erosion controls
Key Concepts
Resource Classification
Resources are classified as natural, human-made, or human, and as renewable or non-renewable depending on availability and regeneration.
Resource Planning
Planning is needed because resources are unevenly distributed and must be used sustainably.
Soil Formation and Types
Alluvial, black, red, laterite, and desert soils differ in fertility and crop suitability.
Soil Erosion
Erosion by water and wind reduces fertility; it can be controlled through contour ploughing, terraces, and afforestation.
Sustainable Development
Development should meet present needs without harming future generations.
Land Degradation
Overgrazing, mining, and improper farming degrade land and reduce its productivity.
Conservation Methods
Judicious use, recycling, and local planning help conserve limited resources.
Key Terms
Examples
Contour Ploughing
Farming along contour lines reduces runoff on hill slopes.
Alluvial Soil in Plains
Northern Plains have fertile alluvial soil supporting wheat and rice.
Quick Check
- Why is resource planning important?
- How is black soil different from red soil?
- Name two methods to control soil erosion.