ThinkRankGender, Religion and Caste
Overview
This chapter discusses how social divisions shape politics and how democracy should handle gender inequality, religious diversity, and caste issues.
Learning Objectives
- Explain gender inequality in society
- Understand secularism and communalism
- Recognize caste’s role in politics
Key Concepts
Gender Division
Women face disadvantages in education, employment, and political representation.
Secularism
A secular state treats all religions equally and does not favor any one faith.
Communalism
When religion becomes the basis of politics, it can create divisions and conflict.
Caste and Politics
Caste identities can shape voting patterns, but democracy must ensure equality.
Social Justice
Reservations and rights are tools to reduce inequality.
Women in Politics
Reservation in local bodies increased women’s participation, though higher levels remain unequal.
Communal Politics
Using religion for political gain can create distrust and weaken national unity.
Key Terms
Examples
Low Women’s Representation
Women hold a small percentage of seats in legislatures.
Caste-Based Mobilization
Political parties sometimes appeal to caste identities to secure votes.
Quick Check
- How does gender division affect democracy?
- What is a secular state?
- Why can caste politics be both positive and negative?